第7045篇红婵全红婵儿的北大之路英语学霸笔记

全红婵儿的北大之路英语学霸笔记第505篇

单元主题：Public transport公共交通（人教版高中必修单元）

名言：A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.千里之行，始于足下。——老子

桌面上堆叠着厚厚一沓写满字迹的笔记，纸页边缘被反复摩挲得微微发毛。红婵儿垂着眼，目光落在单元标题Public transport上。生在乡村，她日常出行大多依靠步行，乡间小路蜿蜒绵长，偶尔会搭乘乡间巴士去往镇上。从前她只把交通工具当成去往某地的工具，不曾思考一整套交通系统如何维系城市、村镇之间的往来，没有想过交通发展带来的便利，也暗藏亟待处理的难题。风掠过窗沿，带着野外草木的气息，一道清瘦悠远的身影自时光深处缓步走来，老子静立在课桌旁，没有出声，思绪缓缓流淌进红婵儿的心底。

不要只看见车轮、道路这些有形之物。交通从来不止是把人从一处送往另一处。道路连通地域，也连通人与人之间的往来、物资的流转、思想的交流。你记下本单元的单词、句式，描述车辆、线路、出行方案，与此同时也要懂得，万事万物有利便有弊，便利的背后总会衍生出新的问题。学会客观完整地看待一套事物，而非只看见它显露在外的好处，这便是学习之外的修行。

红婵儿轻轻点头，将课本放平摊开，单元的核心课文完整铺陈开来。

Public transport forms an important part of modern life. It includes buses, underground trains, high‑speed railways, ships and shared bikes. Without convenient transport systems, people would find it hard to go to work, attend school or carry goods between cities and villages. In the past, travelling a long distance wasted plenty of time. It might take several days to reach a far‑away town. Nowadays, high‑speed trains cut down travel time greatly. Passengers can cover hundreds of kilometres within one hour. Yet the rapid growth of public transport also brings challenges. Heavy traffic jams often appear during rush hours in big cities. Burning fuel produces waste gas, which pollutes the air and affects public health. Noise pollution is another problem caused by busy traffic. Many cities are trying different ways to improve the present situation. More underground lines are being built to reduce the pressure on roads. New energy vehicles are put into use to cut down gas emissions. Governments encourage citizens to choose green travel, such as taking public buses, riding shared bikes instead of driving private cars. It is not enough for the government to take action alone. Every citizen has a role to play. When we go out, we can make wise choices about our means of transport. Some people believe that private cars can offer total freedom for travelling. It is true that private cars are convenient in some cases. However, too many private cars will block streets and slow down the whole traffic system. Building a balanced transport system needs long‑term planning. Planners have to consider population growth, environmental protection as well as people’s real demand. Good public transport does not only serve people’s short‑term travelling needs. It helps push forward the development of local business and improves people’s quality of life. We cannot stop the development of traffic, but we are supposed to make it develop in an environmentally‑friendly way. Progress never comes without problems. What matters is that we face those problems bravely and find proper solutions step by step.

红婵儿拿起黑色签字笔，逐词勾画出核心词汇，在书页留白位置记下释义、词形变换与配套短语。

第一组核心词汇：transport n.交通，运输 v.运送

搭配：public transport公共交通；transport system运输系统；means of transport交通方式

名词transportation多用于美式表达，课文采用英式拼写transport。

课文原句摘抄Public transport forms an important part of modern life.

仿写句子写在笔记侧边。Good public transport connects villages and cities closely.完善的公共交通将乡村与城市紧密相连。

红婵儿留下细碎的思索。一条条道路，一趟趟班车，打破了偏远村落的闭塞。倘若缺少完备的transport，物资难以流通，外面的讯息也很难传入乡土之间。

老子的意念缓缓传来。

单词只是符号，符号背后是一条条延展的道路。道路向外延伸，人心也随之拓宽。可路并非越多越好，不顾环境、承载力肆意铺路，只会生出重重阻碍。学习词语的同时，看见事物内在的平衡，不可一味追逐扩张。

第二个单词：passenger n.乘客，旅客

复数形式passengers

搭配清单：bus passengers公交车乘客；carry passengers运载乘客；passenger station客运站

课文句子Passengers can cover hundreds of kilometres within one hour.乘客可以在一小时之内行进数百公里。

拓展例句The bus can hold about fifty passengers at most.这辆巴士最多可以容纳五十名乘客。

红婵儿批注书写要点，容易漏写双写s，书写单词的时候多加留意。

第三个重点词汇：emission n.排放物，排放

动词emit排放；形容词environmentally‑friendly环保的

搭配：gas emissions废气排放；cut down emissions减少排放

课文短语cut down gas emissions降低废气排放量。

示范例句New energy cars can greatly reduce harmful emissions.新能源汽车可以大幅度减少有害物的排放。

她暗自记下，这是环保类话题与交通话题的交叉词汇，书面写作当中可以灵活运用，提升文章深度。

第四个词汇：pressure n.压力

搭配：reduce the pressure减轻压力；under pressure处在压力之下；pressure on roads路面通行压力

课文原句More underground lines are being built to reduce the pressure on roads.更多地铁线路正在修建，以此减轻路面的通行压力。

辨析笔记做好标记。pressure多指客观存在的压力；stress偏向精神层面的压力。

例句一Heavy traffic puts great pressure on city roads.繁忙的交通给城市道路带来巨大压力（客观压力）。

例句二Too much study stress makes him tired.过重的学习压力让他疲惫不堪（精神压力）。

第五个单词：demand n.需求，需要 v.要求

搭配：real demand真实需求；meet one’s demand满足某人的需求；demand to do sth要求去做某事

课文句子Planners have to consider population growth, environmental protection as well as people’s real demand.规划者必须考量人口增长、环境保护以及人们真实的出行需求。

易错提醒，demand后面接宾语从句，从句要用虚拟语气(should) do。

例句They demand that the government (should) improve public transport.他们要求政府改善公共交通。

生词梳理完毕，红婵儿依次提取课文高频短语整齐罗列在笔记页面。

carry goods运送货物；

cut down减少，缩减；

traffic jams交通拥堵；

rush hours上下班高峰期；

put into use投入使用；

green travel绿色出行；

private cars私家车；

push forward推进；

environmentally‑friendly way环保的方式；

step by step一步步地，逐步地。

短语记录完毕，红婵儿开始拆解长难句，拆分句式架构，标注潜藏考点。

长难句一：Burning fuel produces waste gas, which pollutes the air and affects public health.

Burning fuel动名词短语充当句子主语。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整件事情，也就是燃料燃烧产生废气这件事，which在从句内部充当主语，并列谓语pollutes与affects依次排布。逗号不可省略，不能替换成that。

完整译文：燃料燃烧产生废气，废气污染空气并且影响公众的健康。

考点批注。非限制性定语从句which指代整件事是高频考点，阅读理解和语法填空经常出现。that无法引导带逗号、指代整件事的从句。

仿写句子。Using too many plastic products creates rubbish, which does harm to the earth.大量使用塑料制品会制造垃圾，这会对地球造成伤害。

老子轻声提点。

一件举动会衍生接连不断的结果。燃烧燃料方便了出行，随之而来便是空气污染。世间诸事大多如此，得到一种便利，就要承担相伴而生的代价。从句记下了这种因果牵连，看待世事也应当看见前因与后果，不可只取好处而忽略代价。

长难句二：It is true that private cars are convenient in some cases.

it作形式主语，真实主语为that引导的主语从句。固定句型It is true that…诚然……，的确……。in some cases在某些情况之下。

释义：诚然，私家车在某些场景之中十分便捷。

句式拓展同类句型：It is obvious that显而易见；It is reported that据报道。这些句型可以放置在议论文开篇或者过渡段落，丰富句式。

变式句子It is true that public transport still has many shortcomings.诚然公共交通依旧存在诸多短板。

长难句三：When we go out, we can make wise choices about our means of transport.

when引导时间状语从句。means此处为名词，方式、手段，单复数同形。means of transport交通方式。不要将means误写成mean。mean作动词意为意味着；meaning名词含义。

译文：当我们外出的时候，我们可以就出行方式做出明智的选择。

红婵儿写下固定搭配a means of communication一种交流方式。means单复数外形不变，一条重要考点。

长难句四：Building a balanced transport system needs long‑term planning.

主句主语为动名词短语Building a balanced transport system。动名词作主语表示一件长期性的工作。balanced形容词均衡的、平衡的，动词balance平衡。

释义：搭建一套均衡的交通系统需要长期的规划。

仿写句子Keeping a balanced diet is good for your physical condition。保持均衡的膳食有益于你的身体状态。

整篇课文长难句解析完毕，红婵儿梳理本单元核心语法：现在进行时的被动语态。

语态基础公式：am / is / are + being + 动词过去分词。

时态含义：此时此刻某事正在被做；现阶段一段时间之内事物正在被实施、建造，动作处在推进过程当中。

对比几组语态便于区分记忆

一般现在时被动：am/is/are done（事物常态下被……）

Many buses are cleaned every day.许多公交车每日都会被打扫。

一般过去时被动：was/were done（过去某件事被完成）

The new station was built last year.这座新车站于去年修建完毕。

现在进行时被动：am/is/are being done（正在被……）

More bus‑stops are being built.更多公交站点正在被修建。

例句整理

1.A new underground line is being built in the city.一条新地铁线路正在城市当中修建。（现阶段正在开展的工程）

2.New rules about public transport are being discussed by officials.有关公共交通的新规正在被官员们商讨。

易错警示逐条记下。

第一点不能漏掉being。is built是已经建好；is being build属于双重错误，build需要变换过去分词built。完整正确结构is being built。

第二点主谓一致，be动词跟随主语单复数产生变化。主语复数选用are being done；单数选用is being done。

第三点没有被动语态的动词不能套用此结构。happen，appear，take place无被动，不能写出is being happened。

老子的思绪缓缓飘散开来。

正在被建造的道路、正在被商讨的制度，都处在变化的过程当中。世间没有一成不变的体系，万事都处在推进、调整的路途之中。语法记录下动态的过程，你看待周遭事物也要明白，改变从来不是一瞬间完成的，所有调整都在缓慢推进。不要奢求一蹴而就的完美。

语法要点梳理完毕，红婵儿转入书面表达专项训练。本单元写作任务为议论文短文：Green choices for public transport公共交通的绿色选择，谈论当下交通现存问题，提出可行建议，倡导绿色出行。

搭建完整行文框架。

开篇：公共交通为日常生活带来诸多便利，但是它同时带来污染、拥堵等难题，需要我们做出绿色出行的选择。

主体第一段：点明现存问题，高峰期交通堵塞，燃油车辆排放废气污染空气。

主体第二段：给出对应举措。政府修建更多公共交通线路，推广新能源车辆；普通市民主动调整出行方式。

主体第三段：说明这件事不能单单依靠政府，每一个出行者的微小选择汇聚起来，就能够带来改变。

结尾总结，交通发展势不可挡，我们应当寻求发展与环保之间的平衡。

收纳高频写作句式记入笔记。

开篇引入

Public transport brings great convenience to our daily life, yet it also causes several problems.公共交通给我们的日常生活带来巨大便利，然而它也引发了若干问题。