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句子成分与句子结构(二)

高中英语语法

作者注:vi.表示不及物动词

二、句子结构

常见的句子结构有:

①主谓 ②主谓宾 ③主系表 ④主谓双宾

⑤主谓复宾 ⑥主谓状 ⑦主谓宾状

⑧存现句(即There be句型)

1、主谓结构

e.g.①Tom has arrived.

②She was crying.

③They agree.

④The little boy smile.

⑤l don't agree.

作者小结:本句型中,谓语动词是不及物动词,后面不能直接跟宾语,也无被动语态。

作者注:常见此类不及物动词有:agree、lie、come、go、arrive、die、smile、cry、appear、apologize、weep、sob(呜咽)

2、主谓宾结构

e.g.①He teaches English.

②I don't know how to learn English well.

how to learn English well:疑问词+不定式作宾语

③She said that she would study hard.

that she would study hard:宾语从句

④My son enjoyed reading.

作者小结:此句型中谓语动词是及物动词,后面必须接宾语

3、主系表结构

e.g.①What is wrong?

②The story is very interesting.

③The matter remains(保持,仍然是) a mystery(神秘).

④His theory(理论) proved (证明是)right.

作者小结:系动词本身不能表达一个完整的意思,后面必须接上一个表语

作者系动词除了表示状态的be动词以外,还有:①表示感官感觉的动词:feel、look、taste、sound…… ②表示状态延续的系动词:keep、stay、remaind、contiune…… ③表示转变转化的系动词:become、turn、get、go(vi.变得,变成。由好到坏的过程,e.g.go bad、go wrong、go angry)、grow(e.g.grow old)、fall(变得,e.g.⒈He fell asleep in the English class.⒉fall in love)④表示“似乎,好像”的系动词:seem、appear (e.g.She apears young.) ⑤表示结果的系动词:prove、turn out(结果是,后来证明是)

4、主谓双宾

e.g.①My aunt brought me a new computer.

a new computer:直接宾语

me:间接宾语

②Please show us your new watch.

your new watch:直接宾语

us:间接宾语

③The girl took a toy to Tom

a toy:直接宾语

Tom:间接宾语

作者小结:能接一个直接宾语和间接宾语的及物动词一般来说指人的宾语为间接宾语,指物的宾语为直接宾语,如果有直接宾语紧跟在动词之后,而间接宾语放在后面,那么两个宾语之间要加上介词to或for

5、主谓复宾

e.g.①He asked me to go with him.

he:主语

asked:谓语

me to go with him:复合宾语(其中me为宾语,to go with him为宾语补足语)

②Tom made(vi.使得) the baby laugh.

Tom:主语

made:谓语

the baby laugh:复合宾语(其中the baby为宾语,laugh为宾语补足语)

作者小结:句中的宾语和宾语补足语视为复合宾语,宾语和宾语补足语通常用来描述或说明宾语的动作、特征和状态

6、主谓状

e.g.①The meeting began at half past eight.

the meeting:主语

began:谓语

At half past eight:时间状语

②He swims like a fish.

he:主语

swims:谓语

like a fish:介词短语作状语

③He went to buy some food.

he:主语

went:谓语

to buy some food:不定式做目的状语

c.f.He wanted to buy some food.

he:主语

wanted:谓语

to buy some food:宾语

作者小结:构成此句型中的谓语动词为不及物动词

7、主谓宾状

e.g.①I have bought an English dictionary to improve my English.

I:主语

have bought:谓语

an English dictionary:宾语

to improve my English:不定式做目的状语

②She stopped teaching two years ago.

she:主语

stopped:谓语

teaching:v-ing形式作宾语

two years ago:时间状语

作者小结:本句型中谓语动词为及物动词,后接宾语

8、存现句(There be句型)

e.g.①There is a garden behind my house.

garden:主语

②There is a box,two pens and three pencils.

→就近原则

作者小结:所谓存现句就是表示某处存在某人或某物的句型,其基本结构为thete be,“there”无实意,“be”为谓语动词,根据情况有单复数变化和时态变化,“there be”后面的名词或代词是句子的主语

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