英语九年级第五单元5

语法：被动语态

(一)概念：英语中动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

主动句：Many people speak Chinese. 被动句：Chinese is spoken by many people .

(2) 构成：被动语态由“be＋动词的过去分词”构成， be有人称、数和时态的变化。

(3) 变化方法：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词be+分(过去分词)，by短语动后随。

1)一般现在时：am/is/are ＋动词过去分词

2)一般过去时：was/were+动词过去分词

3)一般将来时：will be＋动词过去分词 am/is/are going to be +过去分词

4)含情态动词：情态动词＋be＋过去分词

(四)带双宾语句子的被动语态：一般把间接宾语sb变为被动语态的主语，则另一个不动。如把直接宾语sth变为被动语态的主语则需在间宾前加 for 或 to。加to的有give, pass, show, send, offer, lend等；加for的有buy, cook, make(制作)等。

如：1.He gave me a book. －I was given a book by him. －A book was given to me by Tom.

2. I bought him a book. －He was bought a book by me. －A book was bought for him by me.

(五)在主动语态中省去to 在变为被动语态时应补出来。

即hear , watch , see , make , let , have, notice这些词在变被动句时必须加to.

如：1.I saw him play basketball last Sunday. --He was seen to play basketball last Sunday.

2.The boss made him work 10 hours every day. --He was made to work 10 hours every day.

(六)主动结构表示被动含义：

1) look, smell, sound, feel, taste等作连系动词用时,主动形式表被动意义。

如：The old woman looks worried.

2) write, read, sell, wash, open等常和表示行为方式的状语连用表达效果和程度时, 用主动表被动。

如：This pen writes well. 这笔很好用。 This book sells well. 这书很畅销。

3) 动词 need, want, require等接动名词作宾语构成主动结构表被动含义。

need doing=need to be done 如：His shoes needed repairing. 他的鞋需要修理。

(七)其他

1.只有及物动词(可直接跟宾语的动词叫及物动词)才能有被动语态。 happen, rise无被动

2.系动词不能用于被动语态。(seem, become, get, grow, turn, remain, stay)

3.表示度量的动词不能用于被动语态。(weigh) 如：This panda weighs 100 kilos.

4.某些短语动词用作不及物动词也不能用于被动语态。(take place发生, set out出发, come true实现, come out出版, belong to属于 )

如：His new book comes out every week. 他的新书每周出版。

A lot of changes have taken place in my hometown. 我的家乡已经发生了很多变化。

5.表示某些状态的及物动词如fit, cost 也不能用于被动语态。

如：The shirt doesn't fit me. 这件衬衫不适合我。

书面表达范文

Chinese Clay Art

Chinese clay art is one of the most traditional art forms(最传统的艺术形式之一). It is famous because the clay pieces are so small but they look very real. They are colorful and they are usually cute children or lively characters from Chinese historical stories. The pieces are carefully shaped by hand from a very special kind of clay, and then allowed to air­dry. After drying, they are fired at a very high beat. They are then polished and painted. These small pieces of clay art show the love that all Chinese people have for life and beauty.

They can be seen in different parts of China and they are becoming more and more popular among the young and the old.