一、词类与语法重点
1. 动词(Verbs)
时态(Tenses)
一般现在时:表示习惯或客观事实(*She reads every day.*)
现在进行时:am/is/are + doing(*They are playing football.*)
一般过去时:动词过去式(*He went to school yesterday.*)
过去进行时:was/were + doing(*I was studying at 8 PM.*)
现在完成时;have/has + 过去分词(*She has finished her work.*)
过去完成时:had + 过去分词(*When I arrived, the train had left.*)
将来时:will/shall + 动词原形,或 be going to(*It will rain tomorrow.*)
-被动语态(Passive Voice)
结构:**be + 过去分词**(*The book was written by him.*)
注意:只有及物动词才有被动语态!
情态动词(Modal Verbs)
can/could(能力/请求)、may/might(许可/可能性)、must(必须)、should(应该)、need(需要)
**例句**:You must finish your homework.
2. 名词(Nouns)
可数名词:复数加-s/-es(*book → books, box → boxes*)
不可数名词:无复数,用量词(*a piece of paper*)
所有格:s(*Tom’s bag*)或 of(*the cover of the book*)
3. 形容词/副词(Adjectives/Adverbs)
比较级/最高级:
规则:tall → taller → tallest;happy → happier → happiest
不规则:good/well → better → best;bad → worse → worst
副词修饰动词:She runs quickly.*
4. 介词(Prepositions)
- 时间:**at**(具体时间)、**on**(某天)、**in**(月份/季节)
- 地点:**in**(内部)、**on**(表面)、**at**(具体点)
- 其他:**by**(通过)、**with**(用工具)、**for**(目的)
二、重点句型
1. 从句(Clauses)
- **宾语从句**:*I think (that) he is honest.*(注意时态一致)
- **定语从句**:关系代词 who/which/that(*The book that you lent me is great.*)
状语从句**:
时间:*When I arrived, he was sleeping.*
条件:*If it rains, we will stay at home.*
2. 特殊句型
There be:There is a book on the desk.*
感叹句:
- What + 名词(*What a beautiful day!*)
- How + 形容词/副词(*How fast he runs!*)
- 倒装句:Never have I seen such a thing.*(部分倒装)
三、高频词汇与短语
1. 常考动词短语
- **give up**(放弃)、**look forward to**(期待)、**put off**(推迟)
- **be used to**(习惯于)、**run out of**(用完)
2. 易混淆词
- **affect**(影响,动词) vs. **effect**(效果,名词)
- **lie**(躺,lay-lain) vs. **lay**(放置,laid-laid)
3. 连接词
- 并列:and, but, or
- 因果:because, so, therefore
- 转折:however, although
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四、写作与阅读技巧
1. 写作模板
议论文
开头:*Nowadays, ... has become a hot topic.*
正文:*Firstly, ... Secondly, ... Finally, ...*
结尾:*In conclusion, I believe...*
2. 阅读技巧
主旨题:找首尾段或重复出现的词。
猜词义:通过上下文或构词法(如 unhappy = un + happy)
五、易错点提醒
1. **主谓一致**:*The team is working.*(集体名词用单数)
2. **冠词**:a/an(辅音/元音开头)、the(特指)
3. **固定搭配**:*listen to, depend on*(介词不可省略)