第二章

月满楼

一想起暑假去褒河森林公园的这件事，我的眼前就浮现出褒河森林公园那訇然作响的瀑布。

　　那是今年暑假的一个星期六早晨，我刚吃完饭，正在看电视。忽然，坐在沙发上的爸爸提议说：“我们去褒河森林公园吧，那里有泉水和瀑布”。听到这里，我心理想，我早想看瀑布了，今天终于有机会了。便对爸爸说：“好啊！”这时，正在扫地的妈妈看了看我，又看了看爸爸，然后说道：“好吧，少数要服从多数。”于是我们准备好了食物，开着车去了公园。在去公园的路上，我问爸爸：“褒河森林公园是个怎样的地方啊？”爸爸回答到：“那儿有树林、高山、瀑布等自然风光景色，特别美丽。”听了这些话，我便更加向往去褒河森林公园了。

　　终于到公园了。我们一进入风景区，就看见一条瀑布悬挂在崖壁上，从山上直泻下来。那作响的水声，像一只发怒的狮子正在咆哮。我们来到瀑布旁，瀑布激起的水花贱在我们身上，凉丝丝的，舒服极了。虽然是夏天，但瀑布的水特别冰凉，一伸手便可以撩起来洗洗脸。接着我们循着石阶来到一个小溪旁，我把头一伸，看见里面竟然养着许多的金鱼。我把食物投入池子里，金鱼似乎闻到了香味，都争先恐后地游过来，抢着吃食物。哈，真是一群贪吃鬼。之后我们又参观了天葶，褒姒故里等景色，美得我们都不愿下山了。我不仅享受了清凉的泉水，还参观了许多自然风光，真高兴啊！

　　至今想起来这件事，我内心还感到非常高兴呢。

同窗情

　　三年时光，犹如白驹过隙一般，匆匆而逝，转眼间就到了离别的时刻。今天6月7日，也是高考的第一天，慢慢走出了语文考场，对于即将到来的离别，感触又深了一步。还有一天半的时间，高考就将结束，意味着高中生涯也将就此画上句号。这对于三年的同窗友情，也是一种艰难的考验。或许，这一别，以后就难以重逢，但回想过去，那些往事仍历历在目。

　　高中时期，是我们人生中最忙碌，也是最充实的阶段。从早7点到晚10点，超负荷的学习，也常常让我们心力交瘁，还有那种种考试的压力，更让我们谈之色变，疲于应对。然而，这段时期，却也是积淀同窗友情的最重要时期。虽然我们还处于青春期，但对友情的认知，已让每一个学生记住了他的同班甚至同级的好友。就像我，高中生活已经过去十好几年了，每每回忆起当年的同窗好友，却犹如身在眼前一般。

　　学习重要，友情却更珍贵。从初中升高中，来自各地的同学聚集到一处，虽然互不相识，却都是为了同一个目标而来，那就是顺利迎接高考，进入理想中的大学。在这场三年的学习征程中，同学们从陌生到熟悉，从互不相识到相见恨晚，其中也不乏不愉快的事情发生。有时候，或许只是为了一件平常小事，一个学习观点，闹得互不理睬，甚至形同陌路。

　　这种同学关系的暂时阴影，在他们当时看来，或许可以大闹特闹，但是多年之后，再回首这段插曲，无疑都会感觉当初的幼稚。

　　那么，暮然回首，究竟该如何处理同学间的关系呢？就像平时人与人相处，多一点尊重、多一点包容、多一点理解，同窗友情自然就会稳如磐石，坚持这个相处原则，就算遇到再大的争执，各退一步，海阔天空，这种偶尔的争执，反而会成为同窗友情升华的助推剂。

　　初入高中，每个同学或许都有自己心中的想法，都有自己的为人处世方式，但是，要想让自己的高中生活真正过的充实，过的有意义，过的无遗憾，就必须用相互尊重、包容、理解的态度，来对待同班同级乃至同校的每一个同学。毕竟，只有倾心待人，方能赢得别人尊敬，才能换来别人的以诚相待，这是亘古不变的原则。

　　三年的时间或许对于高一而言，还是有点漫长，但对于已经经历高考的学生来说，三年已经走到尽头，时间无法倒流，我们也无法回首。总之，高考挥不去曾经拥有的同窗情，亦挥不去我们曾经有过的美好回忆。

　　同窗情

　　人过留名，雁过留声，看天地是否有知音。挚友难觅，肯推心置腹的，不见得有几人。世上一遭，机关算尽、满盘皆输，到头来，不知是为了啥，暮然回首，才发现，这勾心斗角的一生，竟无一人可以依赖倾诉，未免太过可悲。

　　小镇的清晨常常不那么美好，楼道间闪动着我飞掠的身影，匆匆上了楼，急急来到学校，嗖一声便掏出作业，翻到那空题处，脸变得跟飞一样，带着浓浓的哭腔，一脸的诚恳和悲哀，拽住同学的袖子不放，道，好心人，你便可怜可怜我，教我解了这道题罢。——我看看，哪里不会？我教你。——咦？你肯教我？

　　如同天籁之音般，及时的出现的，是你的清脆的声音，我好似抓住了救命稻草般，慌忙追问。

　　你不紧不慢走过来，扫了一眼我的作业本，点点头。我大喜，有解题之法？你道：“有，只是，你想借来抄么？”我道：“当然，不然如何？”

　　你盯着我，良久，把作业本拿了过来，道，拿去吧。我高兴万分，迅速把空题照着补上。正欲交作业，你一把揪住我，问我：“你就这么交了？”我道，废话，不交还怎地？你幽幽叹口气：“题是答了，你知解题方法？”

　　我白你一眼，道：“要它来作甚？只须做了便是。”你盯着我，目光深邃得跟潭水一样，嘲笑到：“不知道解题方法，那下次，下下次，考场上，没了帮手，如何解答？”

　　我顿时语塞。

　　你突然厉声道：“你有四题不会，就是说老师讲的课你有四个知识难点，打算怎么办？就这么得过且过，能抄则抄，不能则放过？”见我没话，又道：“我印象中，你不是个不思进取的人，只一个懒便能动摇了你的学习意志，如此学习，怎能学好？”

　　我羞愧不已，只觉得想找个地缝钻进去。你见我尴尬，话锋一转：“我知道，我这番话，你听了肯定会改，我希望你能把它转述给更多的人，不可否认，你是个优秀的学生，总有一天，也会赶超上我的。”

　　我听着，顿时感到颜面大增，向你投去一个感激的眼神，你会心一笑，如冬日暖阳般温暖。

　　我久久不能忘记那天的情景，身为班长的你，是如何纠正着身边同学的每一个错误，你不止是老师的得力助手，更是同学们不可多得的真正的好友，能够结交这么一个班长，是我三生有幸！

　　难忘同学情

　　呵呵！不知不觉中学毕业好多年了，有的时候回想起来中学时候做的一些事，感觉好可笑啊，有的同学从毕业以后，就在没联系过，同学们，现在你们还好吗？

　　同学们，现在你们还好吗？20xx年6月30日，我们正式毕业了，各自拿到了毕业证，也意味着我们相互告别了母校，告别了同学，也告别了老师，各奔东西，各寻前程。很快3年过去了，其实挺想你们的，想着曾经5班里的欢声笑语，想着我们的打打闹闹。其实每年最期盼的就是同学聚会，同学聚会的收获就是开心快乐！至今想起还回味无穷，激动不已，只是有的同学不和，很难坐在一起吃一顿饭，曾经一起度过的1095天，一转眼再过142天又一个1095天了！读了10几年的书，没收获多少知识，但是收获到了比知识更珍贵的东西，那就是同学情了！随着年龄的增长，这种感情似乎越来越浓烈了。

　　同学们，现在你们还好吗？同学情是什么？为什么令人时常想起，难以忘怀？为什么令人一生牵挂，三世相亲？为什么令人风雨同舟，同甘共苦？那是因为，同学情至纯至真同窗情高中作文（8篇）同窗情高中作文（8篇）。像玉壶冰心，似银色月光，让人心透明、温馨。没有名利的杂质，没有物欲的浊流，只有共同走过的一段黄金岁月。我们有多少的思念堆积在心底要诉说，我们有多少的牵挂要传递。我们走过年轻的冲动变的成熟，我们告别单身的自由有了更多的牵挂。（虽然我还没告别单身吧）我们都有了自己的事业，有了更多要去关心的人和事！我们懂得了生活，懂得了忍让、包容和迁就。虽然我们不常见面，但我们的心依然相通，因为珍贵的友情把我们紧紧连在一起。我们不再年轻幼稚，我们都有点沉稳老成，甚至沧桑了。那是因为我们把彼此深深地刻在了记忆里，时时回忆，所以聚会相见时觉得依然那样熟悉亲切。觉得没变是因为我们彼此的真诚依然如故，我们的友情依然如故。

　　同学们，现在你们还好吗？同学情，多麽珍贵的情谊！无论你的职位崇高还是卑微，无论你的生活富裕还是贫穷，同学依然是你的同学。他们一直在默默关心祝福你。这才是世界上最无私最纯洁的感情，让人难忘的同学情！

The Language of Music A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall, and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it until it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is utterly dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and as arduous a training to become a performer as a medical student needs to become a doctor. Most training is concerned with technique, for musicians have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords would be inadequate without controlled muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow to and fro with the right arm—two entirely different movements.

Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune. Pianists are spared this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, waiting for them, and it is the piano tuner’s responsibility to tune the instrument for them. But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the string have to be coaxed not to sound like percussion, and each overlapping tone has to sound clear.

This problem of getting clear texture is one that confronts student conductors: they have to learn to know every note of the music and how it should sound, and they have to aim at controlling these sound with fanatical but selfless authority.

Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music that they can enjoy performing works written in any century.

02 Schooling and Education

It is commonly believed in United States that school is where people go to get an education. Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important.

Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education knows no bounds. It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or in the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor. It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning. The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist. Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises. A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. People are engaged in education from infancy on. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term. It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral part of one’s entire life.

Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next. Throughout a country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. The slices of reality that are to be learned, whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the working of government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught. For example, high school students know that there not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling.

03 The Definition of “Price”

Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers. The price system of the United States is a complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services, including labor, professional, transportation, and public-utility services. The interrelationships of all these prices make up the “system” of prices. The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad, complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else.

If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define “price”, many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or, in other words that price is the money values of a product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction. This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes. For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the amount of money involved must be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount, but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that apply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms, return privileges, and other factors. In other words, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total “package” being exchanged for the asked-for amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price.

04 Electricity

The modern age is an age of electricity. People are so used to electric lights, radio, televisions, and telephones that it is hard to imagine what life would be like without them. When there is a power failure, people grope about in flickering candlelight, cars hesitate in the streets because there are no traffic lights to guide them, and food spoils in silent refrigerators.

Yet, people began to understand how electricity works only a little more than two centuries ago. Nature has apparently been experimenting in this field for million of years. Scientists are discovering more and more that the living world may hold many interesting secrets of electricity that could benefit humanity.

All living cell send out tiny pulses of electricity. As the heart beats, it sends out pulses of record; they form an electrocardiogram, which a doctor can study to determine how well the heart is working. The brain, too, sends out brain waves of electricity, which can be recorded in an electroencephalogram. The electric currents generated by most living cells are extremely small – often so small that sensitive instruments are needed to record them. But in some animals, certain muscle cells have become so specialized as electrical generators that they do not work as muscle cells at all. When large numbers of these cell are linked together, the effects can be astonishing.

The electric eel is an amazing storage battery. It can seed a jolt of as much as eight hundred volts of electricity through the water in which it live. ( An electric house current is only one hundred twenty volts.) As many as four-fifths of all the cells in the electric eel’s body are specialized for generating electricity, and the strength of the shock it can deliver corresponds roughly to length of its body.

05 The Beginning of Drama

There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The on most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual. The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world-even the seasonal changes-as unpredictable, and they sought through various means to control these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites. As time passed some rituals were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art and drama.

Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used, Furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances and when the entire community did not participate, a clear division was usually made between the "acting area" and the "auditorium." In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task. Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed the desired effect-success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun-as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities.

Another theory traces the theater's origin from the human interest in storytelling. According to this vies tales (about the hunt, war, or other feats) are gradually elaborated, at first through the use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds.

06 Television

Television-----the most pervasive and persuasive of modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth-is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world. It is an electronic revolution of sorts, made possible by the marriage of television and computer technologies.

The word "television", derived from its Greek (tele: distant) and Latin (visio: sight) roots, can literally be interpreted as sight from a distance. Very simply put, it works in this way: through a sophisticated system of electronics, television provides the capability of converting an image (focused on a special photoconductive plate within a camera) into electronic impulses, which can be sent through a wire or cable. These impulses, when fed into a receiver (television set), can then be electronically reconstituted into that same image.

Television is more than just an electronic system, however. It is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings.

The field of television can be divided into two categories determined by its means of transmission. First, there is broadcast television, which reaches the masses through broad-based airwave transmission of television signals. Second, there is nonbroadcast television, which provides for the needs of individuals or specific interest groups through controlled transmission techniques.

Traditionally, television has been a medium of the masses. We are most familiar with broadcast television because it has been with us for about thirty-seven years in a form similar to what exists today. During those years, it has been controlled, for the most part, by the broadcast networks, ABC, NBC, and CBS, who have been the major purveyors of news, information, and entertainment. These giants of broadcasting have actually shaped not only television but our perception of it as well. We have come to look upon the picture tube as a source of entertainment, placing our role in this dynamic medium as the passive viewer.

Andrew Carnegie

Andrew Carnegie, known as the King of Steel, built the steel industry in the United States, and , in the process, became one of the wealthiest men in America. His success resulted in part from his ability to sell the product and in part from his policy of expanding during periods of economic decline, when most of his competitors were reducing their investments.

Carnegie believed that individuals should progress through hard work, but he also felt strongly that the wealthy should use their fortunes for the benefit of society. He opposed charity, preferring instead to provide educational opportunities that would allow others to help themselves. "He who dies rich, dies disgraced," he often said.

Among his more noteworthy contributions to society are those that bear his name, including the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh, which has a library, a museum of fine arts, and a museum of national history. He also founded a school of technology that is now part of Carnegie-Mellon University. Other philanthrophic gifts are the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace to promote understanding between nations, the Carnegie Institute of Washington to fund scientific research, and Carnegie Hall to provide a center for the arts.

Few Americans have been left untouched by Andrew Carnegie's generosity. His contributions of more than five million dollars established 2,500 libraries in small communities throughout the country and formed the nucleus of the public library system that we all enjoy today.

08 American Revolution

The American Revolution was not a sudden and violent overturning of the political and social framework, such as later occurred in France and Russia, when both were already independent nations. Significant changes were ushered in, but they were not breathtaking. What happened was accelerated evolution rather than outright revolution. During the conflict itself people went on working and praying, marrying and playing. Most of them were not seriously disturbed by the actual fighting, and many of the more isolated communities scarcely knew that a war was on.

America's War of Independence heralded the birth of three modern nations. One was Canada, which received its first large influx of English-speaking population from the thousands of loyalists who fled there from the United States. Another was Australia, which became a penal colony now that America was no longer available for prisoners and debtors. The third newcomer-the United States-based itself squarely on republican principles.

Yet even the political overturn was not so revolutionary as one might suppose. In some states, notably Connecticut and Rhode Island, the war largely ratified a colonial self-rule already existing. British officials, everywhere ousted, were replaced by a home-grown governing class, which promptly sought a local substitute for king and Parliament.

09 Suburbanization

If by "suburb" is meant an urban margin that grows more rapidly than its already developed interior, the process of suburbanization began during the emergence of the industrial city in the second quarter of the nineteenth century. Before that period the city was a small highly compact cluster in which people moved about on foot and goods were conveyed by horse and cart. But the early factories built in the 1840's were located along waterways and near railheads at the edges of cities, and housing was needed for the thousands of people drawn by the prospect of employment. In time, the factories were surrounded by proliferating mill towns of apartments and row houses that abutted the older, main cities. As a defense against this encroachment and to enlarge their tax bases, the cities appropriated their industrial neighbors. In 1854, for example, the city of Philadelphia annexed most of Philadelphia County. Similar municipal maneuvers took place in Chicago and in New York. Indeed, most great cities of the United States achieved such status only by incorporating the communities along their borders.

With the acceleration of industrial growth came acute urban crowding and accompanying social stress-conditions that began to approach disastrous proportions when, in 1888, the first commercially successful electric traction line was developed. Within a few years the horse-drawn trolleys were retired and electric streetcar networks crisscrossed and connected every major urban area, fostering a wave of suburbanization that transformed the compact industrial city into a dispersed metropolis. This first phase of mass-scale suburbanization was reinforced by the simultaneous emergence of the urban Middle Class, whose desires for homeownership in neighborhoods far from the aging inner city were satisfied by the developers of single-family housing tracts.

10 Types of Speech

Standard usage includes those words and expressions understood, used, and accepted by a majority of the speakers of a language in any situation regardless of the level of formality. As such, these words and expressions are well defined and listed in standard dictionaries. Colloquialisms, on the other hand, are familiar words and idioms that are understood by almost all speakers of a language and used in informal speech or writing, but not considered appropriate for more formal situations. Almost all idiomatic expressions are colloquial language. Slang, however, refers to words and expressions understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as good, formal usage by the majority. Colloquial expressions and even slang may be found in standard dictionaries but will be so identified. Both colloquial usage and slang are more common in speech than in writing.

Colloquial speech often passes into standard speech. Some slang also passes into standard speech, but other slang expressions enjoy momentary popularity followed by obscurity. In some cases, the majority never accepts certain slang phrases but nevertheless retains them in their collective memories. Every generation seems to require its own set of words to describe familiar objects and events. It has been pointed out by a number of linguists that three cultural conditions are necessary for the creation of a large body of slang expressions. First, the introduction and acceptance of new objects and situations in the society; second, a diverse population with a large number of subgroups; third, association among the subgroups and the majority population.

Finally, it is worth noting that the terms "standard" "colloquial" and "slang" exist only as abstract labels for scholars who study language. Only a tiny number of the speakers of any language will be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expressions. Most speakers of English will, during appropriate situations, select and use all three types of expressions.

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