动词不定式

不定式：to + 动词原形

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动词不定式的基本形式是“to + 动词原形”，有时可以不带to。动词不定式（或不定式短语）没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍可保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。如：to read the newspaper, to speak at the meeting 等

动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语：

注：作主语用的动词不定式常常为it替代，动词不定式（或短语）放在后面。例如：

It is not easy to learn a foreign language.

It took us three days to do the work.

动词不定式的否定形式由“not+动词不定式”构成. 如:

Tell him not to be late.

The policeman told the boys not to play in the street.

4) 不定式省去to的情况: 在感官动词see，watch，look at，hear， listen to，feel和使役动词make，have，let等所接的宾语中（不定式做宾语不足语），不定式应省去to。但是在被动语态中不能省。如：

Let me listen to you sing the song.

He watched his son play computer games.

I saw him run away.------He was seen to run away.

The boss make the workers work the whole night.----The workers were made to work the whole night.

5) 动词不定式和疑问词连用

动词不定式可以和疑问词what ,which, how, where, when 等连用，构成不定式短语。如：

The question is when to start.

I don’t know where to go .

He showed me how to use a computer.

What to do is a big problem.

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例题：

翻译下列句子，说出句中不定式的作用：

1. To grow plants is very important.

2. It is so nice to hear your voice.

3. My dream is to be a pilot.

4. He began to read and write at the age of five.

5. The teacher asked me to speak more loudly.

6. Tom came to see me last night.

7. I am glad to see you.

8.Have you got anything to say?

9.There are many places to see in China.

10.I asked him not to open the window.

11. I don’t know what to buy for you.

12. I saw him dance.

13. He often helps me clean the room.

14. They are too shy to speak English.

15. He was lucky enough to find his watch.

16. I want you to go there together with me.

解析：1、To grow plants做主语；2、to hear your voice做主语；3、to be a pilot作表语；4、to read and write作宾语；5、to speak more loudly作宾语补足语；6、to see me作状语；7、to see you作状语；8、to say作定语；9、to see作定语；10、not to open the window作宾语补足语；11、what to buy作宾语；12、dance作宾语补足语（省略to）；13、clean the room作宾语补足语（省略to）；14、to speak English作状语；15、to find his watch作状语；16、to go there together with me作宾语补足语。

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巩固：

选择最佳答案填空：

1. Tell him ______ the light.

A. to turn B. not to turn on C. to not turn D. not to turn

2. It took us more than two hours _______ the dinner.

A. prepare B. preparing C. to prepare D. to be prepared

3. We felt the earth _______.

A. move B. moveing C. to move D. be moved

4. The students were made ______ the text ten times.

A. read B. reading C. to read D. to be read

5. The chair looks rather hard _______, but in fact it is very comfortable.

A. to sit B. to sit on C. sitting D. sit

6. Nobody knows __________next.

A. what to do B. to do what C. which to do D. how to do

7. It is very important ______ us ________these words.

A. to, to remember B. for, to remember C. for, remember D. for, remembering

8. _______ English well, one must have a lot practice.

A. For speaking B. Speaking C. To speak D. Speak

9. I’m going to the library ______ the books.

A. return B. borrow C. to return D. to lend

10. We went to town _________ some shopping.

A. doing B. did C. to make D. to do

11. The funny story _______ me laugh.

A. make B. making C. to make D. made

12. After the final exam, I think all the students want _________.

A. stop to have a rest B. to stop having a rest

C. to stop to have a rest D. stopping to have a rest

13. It is very kind _______ you to help me with my housework. It is hard _____me to do all

the work.

A. of, for B. for, of C. of, to D. to, for

14. Many people think it very difficult _______ English.

A. to say B. to learn C. speak D. for speaking

15. The teacher asked the students __________ her _______ the word again.

A. listen to; to read B. to hear; say

C. to listen to; speak D. to listen to; pronounce

16.Remember ______ the book here tomorrow.

A. bring B. to bring C. take D. to take

17. ---Let's have a rest, shall we?

--- Not now. I don't want to stop _______ the letter yet.

A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write

18. ---This physics problem is too difficult. Can you show me __________, Wang Lin?

--- Sure.

A. what to work it out B. what to work out it

C. how to work it out D. how to work out it

19.--- How can I improve my spoken English?

--- You have to practise ______ as much as you can.

A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak

20. --- How about going hiking this weekend?

--- Sorry. I prefer _______ rather than _______.

A. to stay at home, go out B. to go out, stay at home

C. staying at home, go out D. going out, stay at home

答案：1-5 BBACB 6-10 ABCCD 11-15 DCABD 16-20 BCCBA